Of the things I've wondered regarding the beliefs of those who do not believe in a divine creator, I've never been able to understand their concept of evil.mindstorm
Evil does not depend on a creator. Even if the universe just sprang into existence a second ago, that does not change the state of evil. If you believe that somehow perception of evil requires there to be a creator, you are sorely mistaken.
I've heard a wide variety of answers regarding this topic and have seen no consensus.mindstorm
A lack of consensus does not mean there isn't a logical answer though.
One argument I've heard is that all morality is relative. Morals should thus be decided by the individual and "to each his own." My issue with this is that we somehow believe all should be treated fairly. Do we get this from cultural conditioning?mindstorm
Yes and no. Obviously, culture affects how we view morality because of it affects how we were raised, but what defines a proper morality that is true regardless of culture is one that best establishes the standard in which the quality of life is maximized without having to compromise.
If so, why is it we expect other cultures to fix their moral problems?mindstorm
Because it's their own moral problems. Why should we be expected to solve someone else's problems?
Would that mean we, though say we believe in relative morals, actually expect people to follow a universal moral code? We expect others to live by our own moral code. mindstorm
Relativism and universalism are incompatible, so the answer would be no. What is defined to be culturally acceptable is acceptable to a relativist, which to me, is baseless circular reasoning, but I'm not a relativist.
Others have said that we have through evolution gained a moral code governed simply by our biology.mindstorm
While evolution does have a role, so do many other factors, and I don't see how this is relevant to your question. Evolution can only describe how morality has changed over time, not necessarily whether morality is getting better or worse.
If this is the case, why do we often think our instincts are wrong?mindstorm
I don't know why we would think our instincts our wrong. If someone thinks their instincts are wrong, they need to change their instincts.
If our morals are simply in place so that humanity as a whole prospers, then would not self-centeredness be wrong?mindstorm
Self-centeredness would not be wrong, because if we are to take care of anyone, we should first start with ourselves, or how else would we be able to take care of anyone else.
Would we then not be allowed to define our own moral code?mindstorm
We can define a moral code. We give definitions of good and evil. Some of these are proper, while others are not.
Is such morality governed by ourselves? Our culture? Our government? Our biology? Or maybe a divine being?mindstorm
Morality is governed by reason and reason alone.
People, we believe, ought not to suffer, be excluded, die of hunger or oppression. Does this not contradict the evolutionary teaching that the strong should take advantage of the weak assuming there are no outside reasons?mindstorm
Evolution doesn't teach that the strong should take advantage of the weak. That's an is-ought problem. What it teaches is that the strong, more times than not, do take advantage of the weak, not necessarily that they should. Additionally, altruism has been observed in animals.
On what basis does the atheist judge the natural world to be horribly wrong, unfair, and unjust?mindstorm
Anything that threatens the function of innocent human life is wrong. Anything that attributes something that does not belong to someone is unfair. Any ruling that does not punish the wicked and reward the good is unjust.
Why do we even imagine an "ideal world" unless we acknowledge this to be a fallen world?mindstorm
This world is far from completely fallen, but it's not ideal. We imagine an ideal world to have as something to strive for.
Sometimes people try to say that the existence of evil proves a good and all-powerful God does not exist. Would not the mere acknowledgement of evil show that such a God does indeed exist?mindstorm
No, an omnibenevolent God would not have created evil.
Such a belief in evil's existence would assume a moral code outside ourselves.mindstorm
That is correct. Reason is not dependent upon humans that perceive it.
What makes evil, evil?mindstorm
The threat that it poses against life, justice, and reason.
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