Ugh, I remember this hurdle until others helped me too. The game doesn't document all the little things people share as well as it could.
Solution
Gatherer Huts are the most efficient at gathering food. Rely on these and only these until you cross this hurdle.
Build a gatherer's hut of these in an area that is surrounded by trees with your main housing area just outside the hut's gathering circle. If you can't, build a barn just on the other side of the gathering hut's circle, which will speed the time it takes to store the gathered food.
Make sure you have at least one gatherer at all times. At first, you might want to have two to four until you build up a store of food.
Do not chop trees down inside the gathering circle unless you are simultaneously planting more trees using a forester's lodge. This may contribute to a lower density of food in the area. I have heard both "yes" and "no" on this from other people, so I still use it as a rule in order to be safe.
Build at least a dirt road between the main housing area and your gatherer's hut to speed travel.
While gatherer's gather the food, you need basic workers to pick up and move the food around If you don't have any of these, the food will not be transported very efficiently. You should always have at least a few basic workers to fulfill duties like this. With 25 people, I recommend around a 5-person minimum.
If some kind of crisis hits, like lack of tools, a fire, a lack of firewood, whatever, your citizens will immediately start to horde their food and store it in their houses (see the house's inventory or storage tab to see it) to protect themselves. Ironically, this will speed starvation because everybody else is doing the same.
If you're still having a hard time, set it to easy mode or an easier climate and land type until you get over that hurdle. I believe there is also an in-game-downloadable-and-install-able mod that will increase the gatherer's production, if you'd rather try that route.
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