No, it doesn't mean that and no Jesus is not literally teaching Christians to kill non-believers.
Simply put it is an end time teaching in which Jesus is saying He will (future) deal with those who rejected him. Whoever will not be ruled by the grace of Christ will inevitably be ruined by the wrath of Christ.
Here is what Matthew Henry has to say:
"When Christ had set up his gospel kingdom, and thereby put reputation upon the gospel ministry, then he comes to reckon with the Jews; then it is remembered against them that they had particularly disclaimed and protested against his kingly office, when they said, We have no king but Caesar, nor would own him for their king. They appealed to Caesar, and to Caesar they shall go; Caesar shall be their ruin. Then the kingdom of God appeared when vengeance was taken on those irreconcileable enemies to Christ and his government; they were brought forth and slain before him. Never was so much slaughter made in any war as in the wars of the Jews. That nation lived to see Christianity victorious in the Gentile world, in spite of their enmity and opposition to it, and then it was taken away as dross."
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